Posted by Anjali Kaur on Jul 18, 2021

Nationalism in India – Questions with Answer

Nationalism in India, is a part of class 10, CBSE curriculum for history under social studies. In this post, I have some solved questions in this chapter. Take a look and memorize them.

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Also, start making notes and revise them over and over again!

Q1. The World War created a new economic and political situation. Explain.

Answer.

  1. It led to a huge increase in defense expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes.
  2. Custom duties were raised & income tax was introduced.
  3. Prices increased, doubling between 1913-1918o  leading to extreme hardship for the common people.
  4. Villagers were called to supply soldiers, and there was forced recruitment in rural areas.
  5. Crops failed in many parts of India, resulting in a shortage of food and an influenza epidemic.

Q2. Write a short note on the idea of ‘Satyagraha’.

Answer.

  1. The idea of Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
  2. It suggested that if the cause was true if the struggle was against injustice, then the physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
  3. Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a Satyagrahi could win the battle through non – violence.
  4. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.
  5. People including the oppressors –had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence.

Q3. What is Rowlatt Act?

Answer.

  1. The Rowlatt Act has been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of the Indian members.
  2. It gave the government enormous power to repress political activities.
  3. It allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial for two years

Q4. Write a short note on the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre.

Answer.

  1. On 13 April the infamous Jallianwalla Bagh incident took place. On that day a large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallanwalla Bagh.
  2. Some came to protest against the government’s new repressive measures.
  3. Being from outside the city, many villagers were unaware of the martial law that had been imposed.
  4. Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds.
  5. His objective is to create in the minds of Satyagrahis a feeling of terror.

Q5.  After arriving in India, why Gandhi Ji organized the Satyagraha movement in various places?

Answer.

  1. In 1916, he traveled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
  2. Then in 1917, he organized a  Satyagraha to support the peasants of the  Kheda district of Gujarat.
  3. In 1918,  Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmadabad to organize the Satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers.

Q6. Why did non-cooperation movements in the cities gradually slow down?

Answer.

  1. Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass produces mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it.
  2. The boycott of British institutions posed a problem.
  3. For the movement to be successful, alternative institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the British.
  4. These institutions were slow to come up. So students and teachers began tricking back to government schools and lawyers joined back work in government courts.

Q7.  What was the reason behind the movement in Awadh?

Answer.

  1. In Awadh, the movement was against talukdars and landlords who demanded a variety of other cesses. 
  2. Peasants had to do beggars and work at landlords’ farms without any payment.
  3. As tenants they had no security of tenure, being regularly evicted so that they could acquire no right over the leased land.

Q8. Explain the role of women in the Civil disobedience movement.

Answer.

  1. An important feature of the civil disobedience movement was the large-scale participation of women.
  2. During Gandhi Ji’s salt march, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him.
  3. They participated in protest marches,  manufactured salt,  and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops.
  4. Many went to Jail.
  5. In Urban areas these women were from high–caste families; in rural areas, they came from rich peasant households.

Q9. Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the non –cooperation movement. Why?

Answer.

  1. In February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the non –cooperation movement.
  2. He felt that the movement was turning violent in many places and the Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before so that they would be ready for mass struggles.
  3. Within the Congress, some leaders were by now tired of mass –struggles and wanted to participate in elections to the provincial council.

Q10. Write a short note on Simon Commission.

Answer.

  1. The  Tory government in Britain constituted a statutory commission under  Sir John Simon.
  2. The Simon commission was set up in response to the nationalist movement  & the commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system of India and suggest changes.
  3. The problem was that the commission did not have a single Indian member. They were all British.
  4. When Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted with the slogan ‘Go back, Simon’.
  5. All parties, including the Congress and Muslim League, participated in the demonstrations.

Q11. Write a short note on Salt March.

Answer.

  1. Mahatma Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers.
  2. The march was over 240  miles,  from Gandhi Ji ’ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi.
  3. The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day.
  4. Thousands came to hear Mahatma Gandhi wherever he stopped and he told them, what he meant by Swaraj and urged them to peacefully defy the British.
  5. On 6 April he reached Dandi, the ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling seawater.

Q12. What were the limits of the civil disobedience movement?

Answer.

  1. Congress had ignored the Dalits, in fear of offending the sanatanis (the high-caste Hindus) 
  2. The Dalits or the Untouchables did not actively participate in the movement, they demanded reservation of seats, separate electorates. 
  3. Mahatma Gandhi Ji declared that swaraj would not be attained if untouchability was not eliminated. He called the untouchables ‘Harijan i.e. children of God.
  4. Muslim political organizations also kept away from the Movement. 
  5. Many Muslim leaders expressed the fear of their cultural identity would be left as a minority, under the domination of the Hindu majority.

These circumstances in the civil disobedience movement turned out to be the major obstacles in the movement.

Q13.’Vande Mataram’ was written by whom and in which novel it was included.?

Answer.

  1. In the 1870s, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote Vande Mataram a hymn to the motherland. Later, he included it in his Bengali novel Anandamath.
  2. Vande Mataram was widely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal.

Q14. Write about the book “Hind Swaraj”

Answer.

  1. This was the famous book of  Mahatma Gandhi published in 1909.
  2. In this book, he declared that British rule was established in  India with the cooperation of Indians and survived only because of this cooperation.
  3. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year Swaraj would come.

Q15. Define the following: Forced recruitment, Boycott, Picket, and Begar.

Answer.

  1. Forced Recruitment– A process by which the colonial state forced people to join the army.
  2. Boycott – The refusal to deal and associate with people, or participate in activities, or buy & use things; usually a form of protest.
  3. Picket– A form of demonstration or protest by which the entrance to a shop, factory, or office.
  4. Begar –Labour that villagers were forced to contribute without any payments.

Thanks!

Content Credit; Disha Jigyasu, PGT Commerce, Shishu Niketan Public School, Mohali

Feel free to join my Facebook group made for Social Studies and you can also subscribe to my website to receive a monthly mail on all the collated posts. Also, subscribe to my YouTube channel to get video explanations of the topics.

Take a look at the previous blog posts on resources and development.

  1. Resources and Development (Part-1)
  2. Resources and Development (Part-2)
  3. Resources and Development (Part-3)
  4. Resources and Development (Part-4)

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